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In this case first assume the line hand is fixed and the pulley moves away from it. This IS, in fact, our hand casting situation. In this case, for every distance the pulley advances away from the stationary line hand, the line behind it must be advanced on BOTH sides of the pulley (in red) so that pulley movement results in DOUBLED line movement, a 2:1 mechanical advantage! That translates equally into speed. If the pulley is moving away from the hand at 10 ft/sec then the line is advancing at 20 ft/sec.!
So…how fast can you throw your index finger away from your line hand? However fast…then the line will fly by you TWICE as fast. Bingo!
But in an actual cast, the line hand is not stationary but pulling in/down/back. And does the ROD act as a pulley?
See Fig. 22